how to define succes

One‑sentence summary Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics argues that the highest human good (eudaimonia, often translated “flourishing” or “living well”) is achieved by exercising reason to develop moral and intellectual virtues, found in a life of activity in accordance with excellence. Key points - The goal: Eudaimonia — a complete, self‑sufficient human flourishing realized over a whole life, not a momentary feeling or mere pleasure. - The function argument: Humans have a distinctive function (rational activity). Good human life is performing that function well—i.e., acting rationally and excellently. - Virtue (arete): Excellence of character or mind. Two broad kinds: - Moral virtues (courage, temperance, justice, etc.) formed by habituation and concerned with passions and actions. - Intellectual virtues (wisdom, understanding, practical wisdom/phronesis) developed by teaching and reason. - Doctrine of the mean: Moral virtues are means between excess and deficiency (e.g., courage is between recklessness and cowardice). The “mean” is relative to the individual and determined by practical reason. - Habituation and deliberation: Virtues are acquired through practice and shaped by choices; practical wisdom (phronesis) guides right action by linking general principles to particular situations. - Role of external goods and pleasure: Some external goods (health, friendships, wealth to some extent) and certain pleasures support eudaimonia, but they aren’t sufficient—virtue is central. - Friendship and politics: Friendship is essential to the good life; the polis (political community) helps cultivate virtue by shaping education and institutions. Ethics and politics are connected. - Practical orientation: The work is not abstract metaphysics but a guide for how to live; it emphasizes judgment, context, and moral education. Why it matters today Aristotle offers a robust alternative to purely hedonistic or consequentialist accounts: success is about flourishing through character and reasoned action, not merely maximizing pleasure or external markers. His emphasis on habituation, context‑sensitive judgment, and the social dimension of the good life continues to influence contemporary virtue ethics (e.g., Julia Annas, Martha Nussbaum). Select references - Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (standard translations: W. D. Ross; Terence Irwin). - Julia Annas, The Morality of Happiness (1993). - Martha C. Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness (1986). If you want, I can summarize a particular book passage (e.g., the function argument or the doctrine of the mean) or help translate Aristotle’s ideas into a personal definition of success.